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V H. w. onown.

GAS sTovE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 20,1918A 1,425,043- Patented Aug. s, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

A TTUR/VEV 'H. W. ODOWD.

GAS STOVE.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. zo. 191s.

Patented'Aug. 8, 19522'.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

TTOR/VEY H. W. ODOW D.

GAS sovE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 20. ISIS.

,Eatente Aug. 8, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

'IIIIIII H. W. ODOWD.

A GAS sTovE.

-. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 20. 19l8- 1,425,043 Patented Aug. 8, 1922.

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UNITEDl STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY W. ODOWD, 0F JERSEY CITY, NEV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 WILLIAM M.

CRANE COMPANY, A CORPORATIDN 0F NEW YORK.

l das sfr-ove.

Speeiilcation of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 8, 1922.

Application filed November 20, 1918. Serial No. 263,249.

is u particularly adapted for apparatus of this type for use in hotels, restaurants, and

institutions wherein vast quantities of food are cooked daily.

rdinarily, the type of range above referred to has a top surface which is smooth and entirely covered with a plate or plates of metal, so'that large vessels, kettles and pots may be slid thereover from place to place as the service requires. t is desirable .to have the surface very hot in the forward portion or at either end and gradually diminishing `in temperature toward the flue. For this purpose, the gas burners are located at the front of the range or at either end thereof and the flame from any or all of them is directed inwardly to an opposite portion of the top surface. ln ranges of the type, however, which fullill these conditions, the flame usually is caused to impinge upwardly against the top of the stove,

`and when it strikes` the cold metal, the

burning mixture of gas and `air condenses` and breaks up, giving off carbon monoxide. There's also a tendency to retard a sup ply of secondary air or air to support combustion at the point of contact, which further augmente the noxious monoxidey exha-l latious.

A. feature of the present invention is that it provides a new form of heat-generating chamber specially constructed land fitted for burning the gaseous fuel in such a manner as to nullify the chances of incomplete combustion, and consequently to vobviate the danger lof giving out carbon monoxide.

Another feature of the invention is that it makes provision for heating the top surface of the stove directly by heat radiation, and more or less indirectly b y lateral contact of the flame. f

Still another feature consists in provid` ing a flame or battery of flames directed from one or more burners downwardly against refractory, heat-radiating material., which is formed with an upward incline inv its inner portion. While the material temporarily absorbs much of the heat emitted by the flame in its downward course, the incline thereof diverts the flame up under the top, whence it proceeds between anther section of like material and the lower face of the top, to the flue outlet.

y An additional feature resides in having the front section of the refractory material scored in parallel lines throughout the length thereof, and cross-scored in the width, thereby forming grooves and nodes that afford a multitude of channels for currents of air admitted through an aperture in the casing of the range. This front section constitutes the bottoml of the heat-generating chamber in the preferred embodiment of the invention. The flame, being downwardly directed, is covered by the air that overlies the burner, and meanwhile the longitudinal or from-front-'to-back scoringof the refractory'material enables a similar supply of secondary air to under lie the flame, the air thus flowing both above and beneath the same. They transverse scoring coacts with the longitudinal scores in diffusing the air around the nodes inthe refractory material, which are brought to incandescence by the flame much more rapidly than would be the case with a smoothsurfaced material, and consequently give off' radiant heat in the minimum of time. Besides, the scoring and nodes act as a scrubber on the dame byl allowing it a more intimate contact with the secondary air, and thereby relieving it of its proclivity to generate carbon monoxide.

A supplementary feature is found in that the said front section of refractory material is lcut away on its under side and at the rear so as to afford a passage for a further supply of secondary air to the flame asy it travels towards the flue. This addi.- tional supply of' air furnishes sufficient oxygen to liberate whatever heat units may still be stored up in the flame after it has left the heat-generating chamber.

Generally, the invention may be said to have for its object to produce an improved range or stove of the nature mentioned, which shall insure a perfect combustion of the gaseous fuel and cause it to yield an intensely hot flame, so applied to a cooking surface or medium. that the same will have the benefit of practically all the heat units which the fuel consumed will generate.

The invention consists in the novel parts, combination, features of construction and improvements herein shown and described. ln the accompanying drawings which are referred to herein and form part hereof is illust-rated a preferred embodiment of the invention, the same serving in connection with the description herein to illustrate the and partly sectioned to show the heat-generating chamber below the stove top and a portion of the oven underneath the saine;

Fig. 6 is a partial plan related to the preceding view and showing the left-hand side of the range with the adjoining portion of the heat-generating chamber and burners therein in horizontal section;

Fig. 7 is a partly-broken top plan view of a range of similar type, but involving a modified arrangement of the component parts of the invention;

Fig. 8 is an end view of this modified form of the range; and v Fig. 9 is a partly-brolen front elevation illustrating an additional modification.

The body of the range may be of any approved design and construction. Thus it may consist, as shown, of a quadrangular casing 11, composed of a number of metal castings and sheet-metal sections, suitably assembled and rigidly secured to one another. Preferably, the top is made entirely flat, and comprises border plates 12, with depending flanges 13, and marginal rabbets 1a, supporting inset plates, as 15. The latter are heating plates functioned to carry the usual cooking utensils, and may be fashioned with usual orifices 16, covered by removable lids 17.

Directly under the plates 15 is a heat-generating chamber 20, shown in Fig 1 as extending the full depth of the range and somewhat spaced from the sides of the casing 11 as indicated in Fig. 1. This chamber is `partly filled in front or at one side by blocks 21, of refractory, heat-radiating material, such as fire-brick or the like, and in the rear or laterally thereof contains slabs 22, of same material, laid upon metallic supports 23. The inner portions of the blocks 21 and the upper faces of the slabs 22 are practically at the saine height, reaching up to within a very short distance from the heating-plates 15, but the outer portions of the blocks are considerably depressed to form concavities '24, the curve whereof dips slightly below the upper external edge of the blocks and thence rises on an extended incline inward to the level of the neighboring slabs. The blocks are also cut away on the outside, at the bottoni and on the inside, as at 25, 26 and 27, to produce a wide airchannel between them. and the adjoining in-v ner face of the casing 11, the bottom of the chamber 20, and the superposed slabs 22 and supports 23, respectively. Moreover, the blocks are grooved longitudinally throughout and transversely across their middle portions to provide intersecting airducts 28 and 29, respectively, together with intermediate nodes 30, formed thereby. The purpose of these several air passages has been partially pointed out in the beginning of this specification and will be further explained hereinafter.

Heat is generated in the chamber 20, pref erably by burning fuel-gas therein, that is, either natural or artificial gas, which is brought up from a main supply-pipe or manifold 33, te air-rnixing tubes 341, 35, through intermediate pipes 3G, 87, and thence is fed to burnersy 39, that may extend forwardly or laterally of the range under the outer ends of the heating plates 15, and are provided each with a plurality 100 of flame ports e0, l1. ylVhile the flame night be delivered into the heat-generating chamber by individual Bunsen burners, each having its own `air regulator and a single fuel orifice, it is deemed preferable to use two burners, as shown, with plural Vlianie ports controlled from one air regulator and fuel supply. Due to this construction, there is obtained from each burner a battery of 'llames under each heating plate, and the number of flames in either or any series may be varied to meet different requirements. ln the present einplification oiithe invention, the burner o@ provided with three flame ports, while the burner 35) has double thatnuinbei', so that by lightirur either burner, one at a time, or both burners together, in using the range it is possible to heat as much of the stoves surface as may be found advisable., such as one-- third or tvo-thirds thereof, lor the entire surface, according to the actual needs of the service.

The flame ports aforesaid are in the nature of relatively wide jets projecting inward from the burners and are preferably turned downwardly towards the depression 24, in the blocks 21. These jets are situated about midway between the unt er side ofthe heating-plates 15 and the concave ,ing blocks beneath the samen portion of the blocks. As depicted in Fig. l, the flame is aimed at approximately the center of thev concavity in the refractory material, and deflecting` therefrom follows up in its entirety the extended incline at the inner end of the depression; thence it passes over the yslabs of refractory material behind; and finally the products of combustion are received in achamber eil, located under the flanged border plate 12, at the opposite side of the range from the burners. The latter-named chamber has a flue outlet 4:5, aifording egress to the productsof combustion.

'l'he admission of gas to the burners 38 and 39 is controlled by rotary valves 48 and 49, respectively, placed one at each side of the range in front or at either end. The

gas being turned on, eitheror both of the burners can be lighted from a single pilotlight 50, which is positioned between the adjoining ends of the two burners above the outer edge of the refractory material 2l, and connects by means of piping 5l, with the branch-pipe 36, previously referred to as conveying the gas from the manifold 33 to the air-mixing tube 34. A rotary valve 52 controls the flow of gas to the pilotlight. IThe latter, as will be understood, is a continuous burner arranged to coact with the main burners, whether singly or jointly, so that they can be readily ignited'.

An airintake 55, extending the full width or depth of the heat-generating chamber above described, is provided in the casing of the'range, in proximity to the depressed portion of, the heat-radiating material therein. The intake may be produced by cutting down the upper edge of the-casingll, or making it stop "short of the border plate l2, either in front orat the side, as represented inFigs. l, 3, 6 and 8. The re sulting gap serves to admit into the heatgenerating chamber an abundance of at mospheric air besides that mixed with the ,gaseous fuel in the tubesA 34, 35, and also alfords ample space for the introduction of the series of jets 40, al, of the burners 3&5, 35). The secondary air thus admitted into the heat-generating chamber promotes combustion of the gaseous fuel, and further creates apowerful draught that'carries the flame from the jets to the remotest portion of the range under the heating-plates l5. As indicated by the small arrows in the uppersection of Fig. l, the llame and the Aieculiar disposition `of parts in the heatgencrating chamber operate to divide this secondary air into several,` distinct strata, each performing its special function. One stratum maybe said to overlie the flame, between the latter and the under face of the heating-plates l5. Another stratum under-vl lying the flame, covers the grooved radiat- The flame is enwrapped, so to say, in these two air strata, which not only insure the perfect combustion of the gaseous fuel, but at the same time prevent the incombustible products thereof from either settling down upon the heat-radiating material or adhering to the hatnlfhlates above. A third' stratum of the secondaryair follows the course of the channel defined by the cutaway portions 25,

26 and 2'? of the blocks 2l, and at the junction thereof with the slabs 22 unites with the second stratum in carrying the flame andy products of combustion outwardly into the chamber lle.

i It will be noted here, first, that as the gasjets are of an inverted type and spaced away anl appreciable distance from the heating-plates, the gas issuing therefrom under normal pressure cannot rise at once to the stove top, but instead directs the flame into the concavity provided in the blocks of refractory material and gives it an impulse inward between thev upper strata of the secondary air that enters the range through the intake and flows in towards the flue. The products of combustion are thereby kept from contact with the heating-plates, at leastuntil the upper end of the incline on the blocks is reached, and then the burning gas has become thoroughly ablaze. Secondly, the refractory material, being subjected continually to the heat of the flame, is soon heated to incandescence and in turn radiates heat upwardly to the superjacent plates of the stove top. rlhe intensity of the heat developed within the concavity of the radiating material is such that it accelerates the combustion of the gaseous fuel and quickly dissipates any ignitible substance therein contained. Thirdly, the longitudinal and transverse grooves in the surface ofthe heat-radiating blocks provide the requisite passages for the completedif.- .fusion of the secondary air under the flame without impeding the latters action upon the blocks, the nodes of which protrude upwardly into or through the flame. Fourthly, the inner portions of the top plates are heated bothby conduction and by the heat of the flame ent-rained by the double draught which the pluralaiipassages induce from the intake to the flue outlet. Fifthly, the slabs of refractory material under the said inner portions of the plates also absorb heat from the inwardly trending flames and radiate it towards the top. Sixthly, the currents of air flowing through the various passeverallycontribute or coact in conveying' the Hanne andv prod nets of oon'ilmstiou to the chamber t, and in extracting therefromall of the heatunits, the greater part of which is collected in the outer portion of the generating'chamber, and the remainder in the inner `portion of the same. Seventhly, the products of combustion are carried out` n'ardly and discharged into the chamber ai, `wherein they spread and from Which they escape through the flue outlet in a comparatively cold condition. lt follows, therefore, that the combustion of the gaseous fuel is actively maintained from the point of ignition thereof to the discharge of its inert products, and the temperature obtained is gradually retrocedent, most of the heat being generated Within or about the depression in the radiating material, and diminishing in intensity until the flame disappears in the vicinity of the last-named chamber. This is unlike the prevailing conditions in other forms of heating apparatus, in which there occurs aI considerable iva-stage of unused heat units that are lost with the products of combustion, and Where as a consequence the flue is usually hotter than the portion of the stove surface adjoining it. rfhe present construction conserves the heat, and, besides, the gaseous fuel consumed therein leaves no soot deposit on the underside of the heating-plates nor upon the radiating .material below.

This type of range can also be equipped with an roven for roasting, baking and analogous culinary operations. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, the oven consists of a single inclosure 58, which however'may be divided into a plurality of sections, if desired. As shown, :the oven 5S is heated from the same fuel supply as that employed for generating the heat in the upper chamber before described. rllhe gaseous fuel is obtained from the central portion of the manifold 33, through valved couplings 59, which deliver it :into air-miners 60, lset in the front Wall of the range, near the bottom. From the mixers 69, the gas flows 4into burner tubes G1, provided with a plurality of` ports-62, through which it is `distributed in a lower heat-generating chamber 63. The gas is ignited at the ports 62, by means of Y-shaped pilot-burners, only one branch of which is shown in Fig. 1 and is there designated 'by the reference ynumeral 64. Secondary air to pron'iote combustion is admitted into the chamber 63', through apertures 65 in. the bottom thereof, and may be drawn from an under compartment supplied rfrom the eX- terior of the range, at the rear, by a plurality of inlets 66. See Figs. 1, 3, 4l and 9.

lt is of paramount importance to retain all of the available heat as long as possible inside of the oven., and therefore means are employed to check its too rapid ascension, as Well as to diffuse and distribute it equally throughout the oven. To accomplish this, the oven 58 is built with a` baiiie yor raised bottom 6T, located directlyabove :the burners 6l, and is provided with side openings 68, see Fig. ll, which admit the heat into the body of' the oven at different levels above ,eis

the

b` ttoin. From the interior of the oven, ascending heat currents and products of combustion are led through similar openings 69, made in a top plate 70, which constitutes the bottom of a horizontal flue 71, underlying the upper heat-generating charnber 20, and discharging into a sub-compartment 72, of the back chamber all. The interior of t ie oven, it is understood, may contain a number of shelves (not shown) adapted for sliding in and out upon side rests T3, see Figs. l and 9. Opposite the openings 68, on either side of the oven, are metal lininejs or internal yWalls 74;, spaced some disanc'e inwardly from the aclret or casing 1l of the range. t predetermined points on` these Walls or linings, and above the openings 68 in 'the ovens sides, heat staggerers or bloclrades 75 are placed, which regulate the quantity of heat that can be delivered into that portion of the interior of the oven.

The oven bottom or baffle 67, above referred to, may consist of a plurality of metal plates placed end to end, as in Fig. 1, and supported at the edges upon a pair of the side rests "[3, also previously mentioned. )ne of these plates is shown in perspective in .F ig. 2. Preferably, each plate 67 is formed with strengthening` ribs 78 on the under side, and is further provided "with ridges 79 on its upper surface, which are staggered to promote circulation of the diffused heat from the bot-tom. These ribs and ridges also serve to absorb heat which is utilized in the various cooking processes. liv resting` the cooking utensil upon 'the ridges ".79 rather than directly upon the flat ,e of the bottom 67, moreover, any

surra liabii'ty of burning or overheating the material bei-ng coolred, due to too rapid absorption of the heat, is avoided. As represented .in Fin'. l, the oven is furnished With a dropdoor 80, and the plates 67 are situated slightly belouT the lower edge thereofso that when the door is fully open, its inner face lies on a level with the ridges projecting from the plates. A roasting or baking pan can easily bo slid into and out of the oven. by having the door and ribbed plates relatively so disposed.

T he door 80 aforesaid is already covered by Patent No. 1,228,042, dated May 29, 1917, and therefore its construction need not be particularized herein. However, a further improvement is embodied in the means for resisting the shock to the range When the door falls or is dropped into open position. In accordance with the construction set forth in the said patent, shock blocks Were placed against the body or front of the range, to receive the impact of the falling door. The present method of carrying out this part of the invention is to take the shock on the manifold supports. As illustrated in Figs. l, 3, S and 9, the manifold 33 rests in bearings 8l, secured to supports 82, at the base of the range, in front. The door is hinged at its lower edge above these supports, and on its opposite sides is held by meansof telescoping members 83, having balleand-soclet connections, as 84, with both supports, forwardly of the hinge pintles. The supports are cast with recesses 85 for the purpose of effecting appropriate joints, and the supports are made to rest on the floor below the manifold, besides being fastened to the latter and to the body of the range. Thus, the resistance to the shock of the drop-door is obtained principally from the floor, instead of exclusively from the range body as in the former construction.

"l, 8 and 9 differ from the other views of the drawings to the extent t iat vthey illustrate a form of range wherein the flame originates at one side or end, and is directed towards the opposite side or end, instead of being delivered at the front and thence carried rearwardly. Thus, taking the front of the stove to be as usual the part thereof where the oven door 8O is located, the inset plates, indicated by the reference character 15a, extend from the left to the right, as clearly seen in Fig. '7., and the heat-generating chamber 20a, see Fig. 9, runs in the same direction. Consequently, the burners 38a and 39a are positioned at the left end in this modified construction of the range. and the flue-outlet 45 is situated at the right end. The outlet 45', it will be observed particularly with reference to Fig. l, need not be directly opposite either group of burners, nor centered with relation to the air-intake 55a, but `it be at or near one corner of the range; as the latter-named figure shows. The manifold 38, however, is preferably kept at the base of the stove in front. From the manifold, the fuel-gas is conveyed to the air-mixers Beta, 35a, through pipes 36, 37, and from the mixers to the burners 38a, 39, the latter having the flame .ports 40a, ela, and being` ignited from an intermediate pilot-light 50a. All of these parts are placed at the left end of the stove, in the illustration given, but they `could be located as well at the right end, if preferred, with obvious alterations. i

A further modification, embodied alone in. Fig. 9, consists in coupling together end to end a plurality of stove units constructed in accordance with the present invention. It will be noted that, pursuant to this other modified construction, a single manifold is utilized to supply the said units with the gaseous fuel, and the service pipes and burners may be Alodged between adjacent units, leaving the entire front of the range unincumbered by any such appliances.

The invention, in its broader aspect, is not restricted to the precise details of construction and arrangement 'of parts herein disclosed, nor to any specific manner of carrying it into practice, as manifestly numorons changes and modifications can be effected without departing from the underlying principles of the invention, or sacrin licing any of its chief advantages.

l claim:

A stove including a heating plate, a subjaccnt burner with a flame port directed downwardly away therefrom, andi means underlying the burner and arranged in close proximity to the heating plate for radiating towards said plate the heat produced by said burner.

2. A stove including` a heating plate, an aireinsulated source of heat extending thereunder, and a radiating element arranged to reflect directly towards said plate the heat directly received from said source.

3. A stove including a heating plate, a radiating element beneath the same, an intermediate source of heat directly impinging upon said element, and means serving to interpose between said plate and said source a stratum of air extending past the point impinged by the heat.

l. A stove including a heating plate, a subjacent burner turned in a downward direction away therefrom, a radiating element heated by impingement of the flame from said burner, and means conveying' a current of air to the flame as it strikes said element.

5. A stove including a heating plate, a radiatingelement positioned in proximity thereto, a burner directing angularly against said element a flame to be reflected thereby toward said plate, andmeans serving to pass currents of air above and below said flame.

6. A stove including a heating plate, a radiating` element located below the same, a burner directing a flame downwardly against said element, means conveying a current of air between the latter and said plate under the forward part thereof, and means leading air to the flame past said element under the rear part of the plate.

7. A. stove including a heating plate, a subjacent heat-radiating element, an intermediate air-passage having anintake forwardly of said element and an outlet rearwardly thereof. and a burner projecting a flame downwaii'dly inward between air strata from said intake.

8. A stove including a heating plate, a passage 'thereunder having an air-intake at one end and an outlet at the opposite end, a heat-radiating element in line with said air-intake, a burner directing a flame downwardly against the surface of said element, and an auxiliary air-channel below the latter connecting with said passage forwardly of said outlet.

9. A stove including a heating plate, a heat-radiating element beneath the same,

a burner directing a flame downwardly against said element, a passage through which the Y[lame passes, and means producing` a double draught of air through said passage.

l0. A stove including a heating plate, an air passage extending thereunder, a heatradiatingelement located in said passage at the 'forward end thereof, a burner directing a llame downwardly against said element, and an auxiliary channel conveying air beyond the latter to said passage at the rear end.

ll. A stove including a twat-generating chamber closed at the sides, top and bottom, an air-passage extending from the front to the rear thereof, a heat-radiating element in said chamber, and a burner directing a flame downwardly upon said element.

l2. A stove including` a heat-generating chamber adapted to be covered at the top and closed at both sides and bottom, an air passage extending therethrougl'i from iront to rear, a heat-radiating element in the lower forward part of said passage', a burner directing a flame within the latter downwardly against said element, and a liue drawing the products of combustion from the rear part oit the passage.

13. A stove including an upper heat-generating chamber, an air passage extending horizontally therethrough, a heat-radiating element projecting upwardly into said assage within the forward part thereot, a burner directing a. flame downwardly against said element, a flue subjacent to the latter having a communica-tion with the rear of the passage, and a lower' source of heat discharging into said flue.

lei.. A stove including a heating plate, a concave heat-radiating element located thereunder, a burner directing a flame downwardly into the concavity oit said element to be reflected thereby toward said plate, and means supplying to the flame currents of air moving along the opposed faces of the plate and element respectively.

15. A stove including a chamber closed at the top, sides and bottom, an air passage extending horizontally therethrough, a heatradiating element in ysaid passage having a conca.'ity with an upward incline at the rear thereof, and a burner directing a tlamedownwardly against said element within said concavity.

16, A stove including a heating plate, an inverted burner positioned beneath thc same, and a. heat-radiating element with a nodose surface turned toward said plate and impinged upon by the downwardly directed llame. of said burner.

l?. A stove including a heating plate, an air passage extending thereunder, an invertee burner in said passage, and a grooved radiating element projecting into the passage in position to receive the doivnwardly-directed heat from said burner and redect it toward said plate.

18. A stove including a heating plate, a heat-generating chamber subjacent thereto, a relatively depressed radiating element in the forward part of said chamber, a burner directing a 'flame downwardly upon said element, and al supplementary heat-radiating member located nearer to said heating pla-te at a distance from said burner.

19. A stove including a heating plate, an air passage extending thereunder, a relatively depressed heat-radiating element projecting into the 'forward' end or said passage, a burner directing a flame downwardly upon said element, an auxiliary channel conveying air beyond the latter to the rear end ot the passage, and a supplementary heat-radiating member located in proximity to said hea-ting plate behind said channel. n

20. A stove including. a heating-plate, a sublying heat-generating chamber, a plurality of gas-jets projecting downwardly into the latter, radiating elements placed at the bottom of said chamber in position to be imp-inged upon directly by flames from said jets, and means supplying combustion-supporting` air over and under said flames.

Ln testimony whereof, I have affixed my signature hereto.

HENRY lV., ODOl/VD. 

